We were interested in this approach in psychology because it proposes an alternative way of combining elements in order to produce a result – argument. Gestalt psychology is connected to the rules of human perception of an image (problem or question) and in the different ways the brain can decompose it in.
Gestalt psychology is a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies; or, that the whole is different from the sum of its parts.
The Gestalt effect refers to the form-forming capability of our senses (the word Gestalt in German literally means "shape" or "figure"), particularly with respect to the visual recognition of figures and whole forms instead of just a collection of simple lines and curves.
Traditional scientific methodology assumed that by dividing an object of study into a set of elements and analyzing them separately one could reduce the complexity of the object and treat more easily.
The example of diagram or arborescence more or less refers to a visualization of a problem through its decomposition in families, groups, entities, hierarchies and connections between them.
Ex. A dog is made of a body on to which connect four legs, a head and a tail. The head is comprised of ears, eyes, a mouth etc.
Taking all these elements and combining them in the right order should give us the image of a dog.
The school of Gestalt appears as an opposition and alternative way of dealing with a complex problem proving that the human mind can recognize a form regardless of the absence of its components, regardless of parts of it missing, as long as the entity remains accessible as a hint.
Ex. The Dalmatian dog in the picture is not recognized by first identifying its parts (feet, ears, nose, tail, etc.), and then inferring the dog from those component parts. Instead, the dog is perceived as a whole, all at once. However, this is a description of what occurs in vision and not an explanation. Gestalt theory does not explain how the percept of a dog emerges.
Gestalt theory can bring two important things to our interface. The first one is the use of selecting informations to create emergences. In the same way the dots of the Dalmatian is put at the same level of the leaves. It is a way to maximilise and minimalize informations in a same process in the order to lighten special features, to create analogies, to build bridges.
The Second aspect is the way gestalt theory is able to disguise a shape: a rabbit will become a duck, to allow a knocking over the perception that we have of it, to organize its hybridization.
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